Prosopis Cineraria
Better known as ghaf, is a small to medium-size tree, usually found in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan in India., but it also grows in the desert regions of southeastern Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Calligonum Crinitum
The calligonum crinitum is a tall shrub with long, thin, gray/white branches, and swollen and knotty at the nodes. There are virtually no leaves, but it has flowers in clusters
Calligonum Comosum
The calligonum comosum shrub, commonly referred to as abal, grows almost 4 feet tall, with branches that look like broom wisps. The abal inhabits much of the North African desert, and may also be found on Middle Eastern desert sands.
Date Palms
The date palm is a palm tree with feather-like gray or green leaves. It also has an edible fruit. People have cultivated the date palm for the fruit for hundreds of years. Both people and their livestock have used it as a food source.
Juniper
Juniper is a name used for various evergreen, coniferous trees or shrubs. There are nearly 70 species of juniper. It is found all over the northern hemisphere, including the Arctic, Central America and Africa. The berries and seeds found on the juniper are eaten by a wide variety of birds and mammal
Salt Bush
Salt bush or orache (as it is commonly known) are one of the widespread Arabian desert plants. This plant grows around 3-6 feet in height and has leaves which look like spinach leaves. These plants are highly tolerant of the salt content in the soil and retain salt in their leaves, that is how this plant derives its name, 'salt bush'. Although edible, the strong salty taste of the leaves makes it unfit for consumption.
Caper
The caper, also known by its botanical name capparis spinosa, is a blue-gray spiny plant. The caper was originally grown on the Isle of Capri, a small island close to Naples, Italy. It grows wild in dry regions around the Mediterranean Sea and in the Arabian Desert.
Acacia
Acacia trees are normally found in dry environment, including the Arabian desert. They have these long sharp thorns that hold water to survive the arid climate of the desert. The seed pods and leaves are edible, hence they make food for people and animals living there. Another reason this tree survives the climatic conditions of the desert is that it has deep roots that dig down in the soil and obtain the necessary nutrients for it to survive.